picosecond to microsecond

Picoseconds to microseconds [ps to µs] conversion tables picosecond to microsecond (µs) The same film type (Ektachrome 100, Kodak, Rochester, NY) and processing method were used for all photographs.  HDiebold All pulse energies were verified with an energy meter (Model 365, Scientech, Boulder, Colo) prior to each treatment. microsecond (period) 1000000 µs (p) Conversion base : 1 Hz = 1000000 µs (p) Conversion base : 1 µs (p) = 1000000 Hz. These sites were designated either as the left or right symmetrical parts of a representative portion of the whole tattoo. We compared the picosecond-nanosecond time scale motions observed in simulation to the corresponding experimental data and found good agreement. Convert Microsecond to Second - Unit Converter This might limit the usefulness of higher-energy picosecond pulses because the plasma would consume energy intended for deeper tattoo particles. Here, we report a budget-priced terahertz time-domain spectroscope that allows one to examine the carrier dynamics in solids on the picosecond to microsecond time scale. A, Pretreatment particles of relatively uniform shape and size. enzymatic reactions or folding rates), the fast local motions may be functionally relevant as they are thought to contribute to stability and facilitate ligand-binding through the entropic contributions (Frederick . Objective  How to convert microsecond to nanosecond. The handpiece tip was placed at the surface of the suspension and the laser beam was moved so that the entire surface was irradiated uniformly. Found inside – Page 10715These results are complementary to the previously published picosecond and microsecond TRIR data , since neither of these experiments were performed on a time scale that allowed the conversion of 34 to 14.heptane to be monitored . Kilmer Objective Question Bank of Computer Awareness for General ... Found inside – Page 339From picosecond to microsecond pulselengths , this transition from a constant fluence regime to one in which the damaging field is constant is experimentally unsupported : A simple power law relationship provides a good description of ... This significantly decreases the scarring that often results after nonselective tattoo removal methods, such as dermabrasion or treatment with a carbon dioxide laser. Also, some inks may remain in the dermis after being rephagocytosed by resident cells.5,8. Unlike long-pulsed lasers (milli to microsecond domain) and Q-switched lasers (nano second domain), the PSL deliver very short . 1 μs = 1.85509 x 10 37 Planck time. [Contents of this video]00:00 - Ready 00:04 - Start Timer 1X SPEED[Netrum & Halvorsen - Ph. Convert Microseconds to Milliseconds (µs → ms) Imaging Life: Biological Systems from Atoms to Tissues - Page 51 Pro .NET Benchmarking: The Art of Performance Measurement The calculator-online provided an online free picosecond to second converter for converting the values of picoseconds (ps) into the seconds (s). Picosecond multi-hole transfer and microsecond charge ... New insights into the photochemistry of [CpFe(CO)2]2 using ... Radiation exposure was 0.65 J/cm. By holding other laser parameters constant, pulse duration was shown to be a significant factor in tattoo removal. Picosecond to Day Conversion Table. Consecutive patients with black tattoos were enrolled; all 16 patients completed the study. Conversions may rely on other factors not accounted for or that have been estimated. These units belong to the same measurement system: Common Units . Thus, higher peak temperatures should result from picosecond pulses, and this may explain the differences in tattoo clearing. A picosecond is an SI unit of time equal to 10 −12 or 1⁄1 000 000 000 000 (one trillionth) of a second. The resulting smaller particles should be more easily phagocytosed and packaged; moreover, the smaller particle diameters, as they approach the wavelength of visible light, should result in more intrinsic dermal light scattering, making the particles less visible from the skin surface. Ideally we would have liked to treat resistant tattoos with high-energy picosecond pulses since the present study only shows greater energy efficiency with shorter pulses. t ns = 0.001 × t ps. Unit Descriptions; 1 Microsecond: A microsecond is exactly 1 x 10-6 seconds. Microsecond Picosecond; 1 μs: 999991.99977565 ps: 2 μs: 1999983.9995513 ps: 3 μs: 2999975.9993269 ps: 4 μs: 3999967.9991026 ps: 5 μs: 4999959.9988782 ps: 6 μs These results, which we describe below . Picosecond multi-hole transfer and microsecond charge-separated states at the perovskite nanocrystal/tetracene interface X. Luo, G. Liang, J. Wang, X. Liu and K. Wu, Chem. A panel of 8 dermatologists and nursing staff familiar with laser treatment of tattoos but not familiar with the study simultaneously and independently evaluated each tattoo from pretreatment and posttreatment photographs. Calculators | Here we use an unbiased computer simulation to describe the structural dynamics of ubiquitin on the picosecond to millisecond time scale. Also, explore tools to convert second or microsecond to other time units or learn more about time conversions. Reprints: CDR E. Victor Ross, USN, Department of Clinical Research, Naval Medical Center, 34800 Bob Wilson Dr, San Diego, CA 92134-5000. They found hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas above the irradiated sample and note that this reaction might be responsible for the gradual loss of carbon in the suspension. Quindecennial , Picosecond pulses are more efficient than nanosecond pulses in clearing black tattoos. Found inside – Page 129We shall next describe the typical instrumentation and methods used to obtain TR3 spectra from the picosecond to the millisecond time-scales. We then subsequently provide a brief introduction on the interpretation of the TR3 spectra and ... Year (tropical) , To test the hypothesis that picosecond pulses are more efficient than nanosecond pulses in the treatment of tattoos, we compared tattoo clearing after treatment with 2 neodymium:YAG laser systems in which all laser parameters were held constant except pulse duration. Main Outcome Measures  What is a nanosecond (ns)? Millisecond : A millisecond (symbol: ms) is a measurement unit of time which is equal to a thousandth of a second, or 1000 microsecond. 1 microsecond = 1000 nanosecond. Black tattoos clear principally by laser-induced changes in the intrinsic optical properties of the ink. Moreover, time-resolved measurements can Care was taken to avoid gross overlapping of adjacent exposure sites. To convert all types of measurement units, you can used this tool which is able to provide you conversions on a scale. The posttreatment scores were based on the photographs taken 1 month after the fourth and final laser treatment session. Enter the value you want to convert (picosecond). Found inside – Page 4019.3.3 Picosecond Experiments a) Visual Pigments Optical Absorption Studies. Until picosecond lasers were used to study rhodopsin photochemistry, the time scale of the events involved was only known to be less than a microsecond. Hypopigmentation was noted in 1 tattoo in the picosecond treated portion. Our results show that picosecond laser pulses are more efficient in clearing cosmetic tattoos than nanosecond domain pulses. Picosecond (ps) , 2: Enter the value you want to convert (picosecond). Accessibility Statement, Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. The same apparatus is used to obtain photoinduced absorption decays over the microsecond time range. Before using any of the provided tools or data you must check with a competent authority to validate its correctness. Microsecond: A microsecond is a unit of time equal to one millionth of a second. Please share if you found this tool useful: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); A reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information presented on this web site. A microsecond is a unit of time. A second is a unit of time. Electron micrograph showing pretreatment electron-dense particles (arrows) in cytoplasm of fibroblast (A), and posttreatment mixture of electron-dense particles and electron-lucent particles with lamellations (arrows) (B) (original magnification ×62,100); bars represent 0.2 µm. It can be defined as the time it takes an electromagnetic field to propagate through 3 x 10 5 km of vacuum. 1 ps = 1.0E-6 µs / Convert picosecond to microsecond. What is the second? Of the 16 tattoos, 12 were judged to clear better with picosecond pulses based on the response of black ink regions (Figure 1 shows a representative result). 1998;134(2):167–171. The gross in vitro optical density changes were measured. 1 Picosecond: A picosecond is exactly 1 x 10-12 seconds. In vivo biopsy specimens showed similar electron-lucent changes for both pulse durations. Microsecond is a metric unit of time. Found inside – Page 171SPIN RELAXATION METHODS FOR CHARACTERIZING PICOSECONDNANOSECOND AND MICROSECOND-MILLISECOND MOTIONS IN PROTEINS ARTHUR G. PALMER ... Molecular dynamics on picosecond-nanosecond time scales can be characterized using the laboratory frame ... Electron micrographs were examined for particle electron density and size changes (in vivo and in vitro). That picosecond pulses resulted in a greater microscopic depth of altered pigment is also consistent with our thermal argument, since a smaller subsurface energy density would critically increase the particle temperature. Carrier transport dynamics from sub-50 ps to ∼μs over five temporal decades in pentacene films was studied by transient photoconductivity.The behavior of the temperature independent photocurrent peak suggests that the photogenerated carriers exhibit pre-trapping transport in extended states upon pulsed laser excitation. Consecutive patients with black tattoos were enrolled; all 16 patients completed the study. Moreover, the plasma, in creating a pinpoint surface defect, might elicit greater dermal inflammation and facilitate transepidermal elimination. However, the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. picosecond [ ps ] 0,000 000 001 [ billionth ] nanosecond [ ns ] 0,000 001 [ millionth ] microsecond [ µs ] 0,001 [ thousandth ] millisecond [ ms ] 0.01 [ hundredth ] centisecond [ cs ] 1.0: second [ s ] seconds to years Thank you for watching. The conversions on this site will not be accurate enough for all applications. It can be defined as the time it takes an electromagnetic field to propagate through 3 x 10 5 km of vacuum.. One solar day has 86,400 seconds. In other words, 1 second is 1000000000000 times bigger than a picosecond. After capturing the image, the beam size and profile were determined with the aid of imaging software (NIH Image, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md). A black tattoo in which the "W" and "A" were treated with picosecond pulses of a neodymium:YAG laser. Octennial ,  G Chemical generation of acoustic waves: a giant photo-acoustic effect. Kilmer Day (d) , Accordingly, because more particles are altered with picosecond pulses, gross tattoo clearing is enhanced with the same surface fluence. Units, Conversion & Calculation Blog | Mean depth of pigment alteration was greater for picosecond pulses, but the difference was not significant. The dual toning method using the 1064 nm Nd:YAG picosecond and microsecond laser was safe and effective and well tolerated by all patients without downtime. Unfortunately, high-energy picosecond pulses are difficult and expensive to generate, so that very small spot sizes (<0.5 mm) would be required to produce higher fluences with our system.  CWelch McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific & Technical Terms, 6E,. How many microseconds in 69 picoseconds: If t ps = 69 then t µs = 1.0 × 10-6 × 69 = 6.9 × 10-5 µs. Multiple technical approaches achieve imaging within single . The in vitro optical density decreased after irradiation of ink in the cuvettes. Please subscribe if you liked the video. Treatment of tattoos by Q-switched ruby laser: a dose-response study. 1 μs = 6.34195 x 10 -15 quinquennial. These areas showed persistent erythema and induration. Your value gets instantly converted to all other units on the page. )6,7 Particles resided predominantly in fibroblasts. Distortion of the Ni(porphyrin) ring from planarity does not appreciably affect the decay of the intraligand 1ππ* excited state to the dd state and the vibrational relaxation of the latter. Picosecond and microsecond pulse laser studies of exciton quenching and exciton distribution in spinach chloroplasts at low temperatures Nicholas E. Geacintov , Jacques Breton, Charles Swenberg, Anthony J. Campillo, Ronald C. Hyer, Stanley L. Shapiro Part 2 was treated with a Q-switched neodymium:YAG laser (Model NY82-10, Continuum, Santa Clara, Calif). The symbol for microsecond is μs. In vivo, on the completion of treatment, a panel of dermatologists not associated with the study (and blinded to the treatment type) evaluated photographs to assess tattoo lightening. High temperatures have been shown to induce our observed electron microscopic changes in other studies.4,6 Chen and Diebold4 report enlarged electron-lucent particles after in vitro radiation of carbon black with a pulsed neodymium:YAG laser. 1 nanosecond = 0.001 microsecond. Found insideWhich of the following is shortest: picosecond, microsecond, millisecond, or nanosecond? Picosecond (one trillionth of one second) 10. Myelitis is the inflammation of which part of the body? Spinal cord Return to Questions Science and ... 1 microsecond is the length of time of a high-speed, commercial strobe light flash. A unit of time equal to 10-12 second, or one-millionth of a microsecond. You can view more details on each measurement unit: millimetre/microsecond or m/s The SI derived unit for speed is the meter/second. Day (sidereal) , However, larger number of studies should be conducted with more objective measurement techniques to confirm the results of this preliminary study. Planck time. The gross in vitro optical density changes were measured. Specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed in paraffin, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Microsecond : A microsecond (symbol: μs) is SI unit of time which is equal to a millionth of second, or 1000 nanoseconds or 1/1,000 milliseconds. The lack of qualitative electron and light microscopic differences between the 2 pulse durations supports a similar mechanism (thermal) for the laser-induced particle changes. Microsecond. This motion is assigned to independent motion of the probe, possibly in conjunction with a short segment of the oligosaccharide chain. Other immediate changes included the formation of suprabasilar clefts and vacuoles in the dermal interstitium in proximity to pigmentation. In addition to temperature increases, irradiation of an absorber by short laser pulses causes rapid thermal expansion, which propagates as a stress wave. The suspensions were irradiated with picosecond and nanosecond pulses with the same parameters as in the human tattoos.  DAZarrin Of the 16 tattoos, 15 were created by a professional and 1 was done by an amateur. Year (y) , 2009-2021, http://www.kylesconverter.com/time/picoseconds-to-microseconds, Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License, 1,000 Picoseconds to Microseconds = 0.001, 10,000 Picoseconds to Microseconds = 0.01, 100,000 Picoseconds to Microseconds = 0.1, 1,000,000 Picoseconds to Microseconds = 1. Please attribute www.kylesconverter.com when using the work, thank you! Note: Picosecond is a metric unit of time.Nanosecond is a metric unit of time. Microsecond, unit of measure. The symbol for second is s or sec. With picosecond pulses, we were able to clear some tattoos with fluences of less magnitude than typical nanosecond domain pulses used in clinical practice. By restricting pulse duration, ink particles reach very high temperatures1 with relative sparing of adjacent normal skin. Free Convert 1080 microsecond (µs) to picosecond (ps) Converter calculator in time units,1080 microsecond to picosecond conversion table and from 1080 m. Found inside – Page 98Techniques include relaxation spectroscopy to measure dynamics of bond vectors in the picosecond to low nanoscond regime (faster than the rotational correlation time), relaxation dispersion spectroscopy in the microsecond to millisecond ... How many nanoseconds in a picosecond: If t ps = 1 then t ns = 0.001 × 1 = 0.001 ns.
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